Definition of Terms in Linguistics

LINGUISTICS

Definition of Different Terms in Linguistics:

1-Language:-

It is a system of conventional,spoken or written symbols by means of which human beings,as the members of a social group and participant in its culture communicate.

OR

It is a primarily human and non instinctive method of communicating ideas,emotions and dresses by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols.

2-Linguistics:-
It is the science that studies the origin,organization,nature and development of a language descriptively,historically,comparatively and formulates the general rules related to language.

3-Diachronic Linguistics:- 
It is the linguistics that studies the development of language through history or  through time. 

4-Synchronic Linguistics:-

It is the linguistics that investigates how the people speak and use language in a given speech community at a given time.

5-Comparative Linguistics:-
It is the linguistics through which two or more different languages are compared.

6-Langue:-

It is the set of all possible grammatical sentences in the language.

7-Parole:-

 It is the only object available for direct observation to the linguist. Utterances are examples of parole.

8-Socio-Linguistics:-

The study of language as part of culture and society has now commonly been accepted as Socio-linguistics.

9-Psycho-Linguistics:-

It is the study of interrelationship of psychological and linguistic behaviour.

10-Dialect:-

It is a specific form of a given language spoken in a certain locality or geographic area.

11-Sociolect:-

It is a form of language which is spoken by the members of a particular group of stratum of a speech community.

12-Isogloss:
It is a line indication the degree of linguistic change.

13-Registers:-

These are the varieties of language that correspond to different situations,different speakers, listeners,writers and readers etc.

14-Idiolect:-

It is a variety of language used by one individual speaker, including peculiarities of pronunciation,grammar and vocabulary etc.

15-Diglossia:- 

Where we do find two or more dialects or languages in regular use in a community we have a situation which is called diglossia.

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